The main components of the engine charging system are as follows:
1. Alternator: It is the main power source of the car, a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The engine runs when the speed is above idle speed.
2. Voltage regulator: Also known as voltage regulator, when the load and speed of the generator are under normal conditions, the output voltage of the generator is kept within the specified range.
3. Ignition switch: used to turn on or off the excitation circuit of the charging system.
4. Battery: When the generator starts or the generator does not generate electricity, the battery supplies power to the automotive electrical equipment.
5. Charging indicator light: The charging indicator light is on, indicating that the charging system is faulty.
Dynamo
The drive belt drives the generator (below). As the rotor rotates, it causes the stator coils to generate alternating current (AC). The AC voltage is then rectified by a series of diodes. The rectified voltage is converted into direct current (DC) for use by the vehicle electrical system to maintain electrical loads and battery charging. The voltage regulator is integrated with the generator control device, controls the output of the generator, and is generally not serviceable. The voltage regulator controls the amount of current supplied to the rotor. If the generator field control circuit fails, the generator default output voltage is 13.8V.
body control module
The body control module communicates with the engine control module and the instrument cluster for power management operations. The BCM determines the alternator output and sends information to the engine control module to control the alternator to turn on the signal circuit. It monitors the generator magnetic field duty cycle signal circuit information from the engine control module to control the generator. It monitors the battery current sensor, the battery positive voltage circuit, and estimates the battery temperature to determine the battery state of charge. The body control module performs an idle boost.
battery current sensor
The battery current sensor is connected to the negative or positive battery cable at the battery. The battery current sensor is a 3-wire Hall effect current sensor. The battery current sensor monitors the battery current. It feeds directly into the body control module.
engine control module
When the engine is running, the engine control module sends an alternator on signal to the alternator to open the regulator. The generator voltage regulator controls the output voltage by controlling the current to the rotor. The rotor current is proportional to the electrical pulse width supplied by the regulator. After the engine is started, the regulator senses the rotation of the generator by detecting the AC voltage on the stator through internal wires.
Once the engine is running, the regulator changes the field current by controlling the pulse width. This regulates the generator output voltage, allowing the battery to charge properly and the electrical system to function properly. The generator field duty cycle terminal is connected to the internal voltage regulator and to the external engine control module. When the voltage regulator detects a fault in the charging system, ground is provided to this circuit to signal the engine control module that there is a fault. The engine control module monitors the generator magnetic field duty cycle signal circuit, and receives control commands based on information from the body control module.
Dashboard instrument cluster
When the charging system fails, the instrument panel combination meter will prompt.
